Another good example is ARM. A spin off of Acorn Computers (those like me who grew up in the 80s and early 90s will surely remember the BBC Micro or Acorn Archimedes in the corner of the classroom), they design CPUs and cores. They don't however manufacture them, they just licence their designs. The "brain work" is still done around Cambridge, where Hauser, Curry and Wilson originated (the University) and the processors are found in many mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices because their RISC architecture is a lower power consumer than the CISC (e.g. x86) family chips. (Yes I know, and you wonder why your iPhone still dies after a few hours
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The UK is actually now Europe's second or third (can't remember precisely which) manufacturer of cars, having overtaken Italy recently (Germany is obviously #1, can't remember where we are in relation to France). In aerospace terms, in addition to Airbus wing manufacture there's; Rolls-Royce, BAe Systems military aircraft, Westland Helicopter, QinetiQ, there's also GE Aviation (formerly Smiths Aerospace) in Gloucester, with related companies such as Messier (undercarriages), Dowty propellers, there's aerostructures work going on Hamble (former Folland factory), GKN, Meggit, Britten-Norman, Cobham, Martin-Baker, Bombardier (NI - formerly Shorts), MBDA missile systems, ITP, Marshalls, Astrium... I've probably missed a few. We're still the second or third largest aerospace industry in the world, behind the US.
What's missing is the whole aircraft design, assembly and flight testing capability that used to be so common and is highly "visible" to even "the average person on the street", but as has already been said, these activities are not necessarily the most lucrative ones and that we focus on the high value end is not so bad, so long as there are still sufficient jobs for less highly [academically] qualified people.
Returning to the subject of the thread, I do agree it's a shame more trains are not designed in Britain. I find it ironic for example, that the tilting train mechanism, developed for the APT, which didn't quite work, was sold to FIAT Ferroviaria, refined and then ended up being manufactured as the Pendolino after Alstom bought FIAT Ferroviaria in the former Metro-Cammell facility in Washwood Heath. Sadly that facility was closed around 2005. I think Bombardier, being the successor to BREL, has now the only rail transport design capability in the UK, but Hitachi plans to build a site in the North East.